Semi-automatic approach toward mapping of flat-roofed buildings within a non-stereoscopic environment     

Yair  Avrahami  Yuri  Raizman  Yerach  Doytsher 《The Photogrammetric Record》2007,22(117):53-74

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声波测井在煤层顶板稳定性评价中的应用效果   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

潘建西  王水 《陕西地质》2006,24(1):81-84

通过测井技术,用获得的强度指数(R)来评价岩石强度,其结果与地质研究结论是一致的,也就是说,用声波测井可直接判断煤层顶板的稳定性。实践表明,越靠近煤田边界煤层顶板岩石强度指数越小,顶板也越不稳定,越靠近煤田中心部位煤层顶板岩石强度指数越大,煤层顶板也越稳定。  相似文献   

随机玻璃-聚合物混合超材料屋顶对南京夏季降温效应的模拟分析     

王豫  王咏薇  赵小艳  郭良辰  张艳晴 《气象》2019,45(8):1149-1157

为缓解南京夏季城市热环境危机,利用天气研究和预报模式(WRF),模拟了3类屋顶(普通屋顶、高反照率屋顶、随机玻璃-聚合物混合超材料屋顶)对南京夏季高温天气的影响。结果表明:(1)冷却屋顶(高反照率屋顶和随机玻璃-聚合物混合超材料屋顶)均可通过削弱到达城市表面的太阳辐射而使城市降温,随机玻璃-聚合物混合超材料屋顶白天平均降温为0.8～1.2℃,夜间平均降温为0.2～0.4℃,高反照率屋顶白天平均降温为0.6～0.8℃,夜间平均降温为0.2℃;(2)表面温度指数可表征冷却屋顶的热力性能,随机玻璃-聚合物混合超材料屋顶的表面温度指数为0.16～0.43,高反照率屋顶的表面温度指数为0.05～0.26,表明随机玻璃-聚合物混合超材料屋顶的冷却效果强于高反照率屋顶;(3)高反照率屋顶和随机玻璃-聚合物混合超材料屋顶分别能将36.7%和47.1%的太阳短波辐射返回到大气层,分别比普通屋顶少吸收19.6%和34.8%的热量。  相似文献   

榆神矿区首采煤层及上覆岩层工程地质特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周阳  邓念东  张卉  金光  袁喜东  高海峰  杨佩 《中国地质调查》2018,5(5):91-97

榆神矿区是陕北大型煤炭基地的重要组成部分,区内煤炭资源丰富。近年来,该矿区煤炭开发与生态环境、地质环境的矛盾日益突出。通过分析榆神矿区首采煤层分布、厚度、埋深及其上覆岩层的厚度和顶面形态,根据岩石成因、工程地质特征及物理力学性质,将该区岩(土)体划分为4个类型和7个岩组: 松散岩类(沙层组、土层组)、软岩类(风化岩组、煤岩组、烧变岩组)、较软岩类(粉砂岩与泥岩互层岩组)和较坚硬岩类(砂岩组),总结了各岩组的分布、厚度和物理力学特征。结果表明: 矿区煤层顶板多为中等—难冒落型顶板,局部地段属易冒落型顶板; 粉砂岩及细粒砂岩底板属稳定型底板,泥岩底板稳定性差。为指导矿区规划、环境评估及煤炭开发提供依据,对切实转变陕西煤炭发展方式、促进生态环境友好型矿山的发展具有积极意义。  相似文献   

Intelligent Identification of Building Patches and Assessment of Roof Greening Suitability in High-density Urban Areas: A Case Study of Chengdu     

LUO Luhua  CHEN Mingjie  DONG Lulu  SU Wei  LI Xin  HU Xiaodong  ZHANG Xin  LI Chen  CHENG Weiming  SHI Hanning  LUO Jiancheng 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2022,13(2):247-256

With the expansion of a city, the urban green space is occupied and the urban heat island effect is serious. Greening the roof surfaces of urban buildings is an effective way to increase the area of urban green space and improve the urban ecological environment. To provide effective data support for urban green space planning, this paper used high-resolution images to (1) obtain accurate building spots on the map of the study area through deep learning assisted manual correction; and (2) establish an evaluation index system of roof greening including the characteristics of the roof itself, the natural environment and the human society environment. The weight values of attributes not related to the roof itself were calculated by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The suitable green roof locations were evaluated by spatial join, weighted superposition and other spatial analysis methods. Taking the areas within the Chengdu city’s third ring road as the study area, the results show that an accurate building pattern obtained by deep learning greatly improves the efficiency of the experiment. The roof surfaces unsuitable for greening can be effectively classified by the method of feature extraction, with an accuracy of 86.58%. The roofs suitable for greening account for 48.08%, among which, the high-suitability roofs, medium-suitability roofs and low-suitability roofs represent 45.32%, 38.95% and 15.73%. The high-suitability green buildings are mainly distributed in the first ring district and the western area outside the first ring district in Chengdu. This paper is useful for solving the current problem of the more saturated high-density urban area and allowing the expansion of the urban ecological environment.  相似文献   

不同饵料强化剂对龙虎斑仔稚鱼生长、存活率、消化酶活力及体成分的影响     

刘忠优  ;张健东  ;周晖  ;陈刚  ;施钢  ;潘传豪  ;李向民 《广东海洋大学学报》2014,(4):27-32

褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)与卤虫(Artemia franciscana)无节幼体分别以浓缩小球藻、深海鱼油和鱼肝油强化后,投喂龙虎斑(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E.lanceolatus♂)仔稚鱼,研究不同强化剂对仔稚鱼生长、存活率、消化酶活力及体成分的影响。结果显示,3种强化剂强化后的生物饵料均可显著提高龙虎斑仔稚鱼的存活率、体长和体质量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但对鱼体粗脂肪含量以及肠淀粉酶活力的影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。深海鱼油组仔稚鱼存活率最高,浓缩小球藻可以显著提高胃、肠蛋白酶活性和鱼体粗蛋白含量,各组差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而深海鱼油和鱼肝油可以显著提高肠脂肪酶活性(P0.05)。结果表明,3种强化剂各具优点,均可用于龙虎斑仔稚鱼生物饵料的强化,尤其以深海鱼油提高存活率最显著。  相似文献   

Mediating science and action across multiple boundaries in the Coral Triangle     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

This study seeks to refine literature on boundary work by exploring how stakeholders in the Coral Triangle Initiative, an international agreement between six countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific, are forging relations across various domains and governance levels, and the outcomes of this process. We do this in an effort to increase its relevance to multi-level environmental governance, and understand the challenges that face such governance. We are also interested in the pathways leading to policy outcomes that are perceived as salient, credible, and legitimate to all stakeholders involved in governance. The study shows that boundary work is challenged by resource inequalities resulting in limited knowledge diversity, blurred boundaries between science and politics, and misaligned scales. We conclude that boundary work has an important temporal dimension that has often been neglected, and that literature on boundary work must provide a conceptual guide to understand tradeoffs arising as a result of stakeholders’ various strategies to engage in boundary work.  相似文献   

Reservoir permeability prediction by neural networks combined with hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization     

Mohammad Ali Ahmadi  Sohrab Zendehboudi  Ali Lohi  Ali Elkamel  Ioannis Chatzis 《Geophysical Prospecting》2013,61(3):582-598

Reservoir characterization involves describing different reservoir properties quantitatively using various techniques in spatial variability. Nevertheless, the entire reservoir cannot be examined directly and there still exist uncertainties associated with the nature of geological data. Such uncertainties can lead to errors in the estimation of the ultimate recoverable oil. To cope with uncertainties, intelligent mathematical techniques to predict the spatial distribution of reservoir properties appear as strong tools. The goal here is to construct a reservoir model with lower uncertainties and realistic assumptions. Permeability is a petrophysical property that relates the amount of fluids in place and their potential for displacement. This fundamental property is a key factor in selecting proper enhanced oil recovery schemes and reservoir management. In this paper, a soft sensor on the basis of a feed‐forward artificial neural network was implemented to forecast permeability of a reservoir. Then, optimization of the neural network‐based soft sensor was performed using a hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization method. The proposed genetic method was used for initial weighting of the parameters in the neural network. The developed methodology was examined using real field data. Results from the hybrid method‐based soft sensor were compared with the results obtained from the conventional artificial neural network. A good agreement between the results was observed, which demonstrates the usefulness of the developed hybrid genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization in prediction of reservoir permeability.  相似文献   

Nonlinear sloshing in a floating‐roofed oil storage tank under long‐period seismic ground motion     

Tetsuya Matsui  Takashi Nagaya 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(7):973-991

A hybrid analytical and FEM is proposed to investigate the nonlinear sloshing in a floating‐roofed oil storage tank under long‐period seismic ground motion. The tank is composed of a rigid cylindrical wall and a flat bottom, whereas the floating roof is treated as an elastic plate undergoing large deflection. The contained liquid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible, and the flow is assumed to be irrotational. The method of analysis is based on representation of the liquid motion by superposing the analytical modes that satisfy the Laplace equation and the rigid wall and bottom boundary conditions. The FEM is then applied to solve the remaining kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions at the moving liquid surface coupled with the nonlinear equation of motion of the floating roof. This requires only the discretization of the liquid surface and the floating roof into finite elements, thus leading to a computationally efficient and accurate method compared with full numerical analysis. As numerical examples to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, two oil storage tanks with single‐deck type floating roofs damaged during the 2003 Tokachioki earthquake are studied. It is shown that the nonlinear oscillation modes with the circumferential wave numbers 0, 2 and 3 caused by the finite liquid surface elevation as well as the membrane action due to large deflection of the deck produce excessively large stresses in the pontoon, which may cause the catastrophic failure of pontoon followed by the submergence of the roof. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

煤巷断层区顶板破断机制分析及支护对策研究     

王琦  李术才  李智  李为腾  王富奇  江贝  王德超  王洪涛 《岩土力学》2012,33(10):3093-3102

针对断层区煤巷顶板破断问题,分别建立了正断层和逆断层构造区的顶板弹性深梁力学模型,研究了顶板应力分布规律,并以Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则为判据,分析了不同顶板压力、支护强度、跨高比等因素下的顶板破断机制。理论分析表明,顶板深梁最大有效剪应力随跨高比增大而增大;其随跨高比不同而呈现出3种不同破断模式;穿越断层的巷道在断层区域应尽早使用强力支护系统,提高支护强度;穿越正断层的巷道在断层面附近应当提高护表效果。根据理论分析结论提出,在煤巷断层区使用让压型锚索箱梁支护系统,可对顶板围岩进行及时强力支护,实现“先控后让再抗”,既能有效发挥支护系统作用,又能充分发挥围岩自承能力。上述支护对策应用于巨野矿区断层区煤巷支护方案设计中,有效防止了顶板事故的发生,验证了理论分析的正确性。  相似文献